Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Solid Tumors: An Emerging Oncologic Emergency in the Era of Precision Oncology

Background Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), traditionally linked to hematologic malignancies, is increasingly recognized in solid tumors due to highly effective precision therapies.Aim This review evaluates solid-tumor TLS epidemiology, pathophysiology, and risk-adapted management.Results While uncommon, solid-tumor TLS incidence is rising. Major risk factors include high tumor burden, extensive liver metastases, and renal dysfunction. Reports are increasing in gastrointestinal malignancies. Advanced targeted therapies and immunotherapies make treatment responsiveness a critical risk determinant.Conclusion Integrating molecular biomarkers and treatment-related factors into risk stratification is essential for precision supportive care to optimize solid-tumor patient outcomes.