What does this research mean for the field?

While individual AI components like perception and localization are maturing, the critical weaknesses in autonomous mobile robots lie at the interfaces between pipeline stages, compounded by sim-to-real gaps, limited compute, and safety constraints. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To review the end-to-end artificial intelligence pipeline in autonomous mobile robots across Industry 4.0 to 6.0 and identify cross-component bottlenecks limiting integrated autonomy.

August 22, 2026MachinesOpen Access

Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Mobile Robots in IR4.0–IR6.0: A Unified Review from Perception and Visual Servoing to Decision-Making

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To review the end-to-end artificial intelligence pipeline in autonomous mobile robots across Industry 4.0 to 6.0 and identify cross-component bottlenecks limiting integrated autonomy.
Conducted a PRISMA-informed systematic literature review focusing predominantly on research from the last five years across industrial and service robotics.
Evaluated robotic autonomy as a unified pipeline encompassing sensing, perception, localization, mapping, planning, visual servoing, decision-making, and continual learning.
Perception and localization approach engineering maturity through multimodal fusion and foundation vision models, whereas planning and control remain computationally intensive.
High-level decision-making driven by vision-language-action models demonstrates high capability but lacks formal verifiability and struggles under strict safety constraints.
Critical failure modes concentrate at subsystem handoffs due to sim-to-real transfer gaps, on-robot compute constraints, and scarce industrial data.

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Implication

Systematic review uncovers critical interface bottlenecks in autonomous mobile robot AI pipelines, highlighting the need for safety-verified decision frameworks in industrial automation.

Cite This Study

Ramadan et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a895effca7ade938187d4a9 https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14080950

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Implication

Systematic review uncovers critical interface bottlenecks in autonomous mobile robot AI pipelines, highlighting the need for safety-verified decision frameworks in industrial automation.

Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Mobile Robots in IR4.0–IR6.0: A Unified Review from Perception and Visual Servoing to Decision-Making

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Mobile Robots in IR4.0–IR6.0: A Unified Review from Perception and Visual Servoing to Decision-Making

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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