Program review demonstrates sustained subsurface ocean data collection across the Southern Ocean, highlighting vital contributions to global climate monitoring.
Context Argo Australia is a national program contributing to the international Argo array, providing sustained, global observations of subsurface ocean properties to support marine research, operational forecasting and climate monitoring. Aims We describe the structure, operations, performance and impacts of Argo Australia, highlighting how the program supports the global Argo array and delivers value to Australian and international users. Methods We detail key program components, including float procurement and testing, deployment planning, real-time and delayed-mode data processing, and technical and scientific coordination within the international Argo framework. Key results Australia manages ~7.5% of the global Argo array, with most floats operating in Australian waters and the Southern Ocean. Sustained investment has delivered reliable real-time processing, comprehensive delayed-mode quality, and long float lifetimes. Together, these capabilities underpin a diverse and influencial body of scientific research delivered by scientists associated with Argo Australia. Conclusions Argo Australia provides a cost-effective, resilient national contribution to a critical international observing system, delivering high-quality ocean observations that underpin a broad range of scientific, operational and climate applications. Implications Sustained support for Argo Australia is required to maintain continuity of climate-quality subsurface records, and preserving Australia’s ability to contribute strategically to the global ocean observing system.
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Oke et al. (2026) studied this question.
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