What does this research mean for the field?

Achieving high completion rates across a four-dose malaria vaccination schedule, combined with sustained treatment, substantially reduces malaria incidence, although long-term memory effects in transmission dynamics may result in higher endemic levels than standard models predict. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the epidemiological impact of a four-dose vaccination strategy combined with treatment on malaria transmission dynamics using both integer- and fractional-order mathematical frameworks.

August 22, 2026International Journal of Biomathematics

Impact of Four-Dose Vaccination on the Transmission Dynamics of a Fractional-Order Malaria Model in the Context of Sub-Saharan Africa

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Authors

BABenedict Celestine AgbataDepartment of Physics, Mathematics and Informatics GAGodwin Onuche AchenejeKogi State University AEAbah Emmanuel

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Implication

Mathematical modeling study reveals that four-dose vaccination combined with treatment curbs malaria, indicating high series completion is critical to counter transmission memory effects.

Key Points

To evaluate the epidemiological impact of a four-dose vaccination strategy combined with treatment on malaria transmission dynamics using both integer- and fractional-order mathematical frameworks.
Formulated a nine-compartment human transmission model incorporating four sequential vaccination stages (V1–V4) coupled with vector dynamics using systems of differential equations.
Introduced a Caputo fractional-order extension solved via the Adams–Bashforth predictor-corrector numerical method to account for non-exponential immunity waning and parasite development memory effects.
Conducted equilibrium stability analyses using the basic reproduction number (R0) alongside parameter sensitivity analyses.
The disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1, whereas a unique and stable endemic equilibrium exists when R0 > 1.
Mosquito biting rate, transmission probability, first-dose vaccination rate, and treatment rate were identified as the most influential parameters governing transmission dynamics.
Caputo fractional-order modeling demonstrated that long-term biological memory slows equilibrium convergence and maintains higher endemic infection levels compared to integer-order models.

Cite This Study

Agbata et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a895f41ca7ade938187dbd7 https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793524526500828

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Implication

Mathematical modeling study reveals that four-dose vaccination combined with treatment curbs malaria, indicating high series completion is critical to counter transmission memory effects.

Impact of Four-Dose Vaccination on the Transmission Dynamics of a Fractional-Order Malaria Model in the Context of Sub-Saharan Africa

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Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Impact of Four-Dose Vaccination on the Transmission Dynamics of a Fractional-Order Malaria Model in the Context of Sub-Saharan Africa

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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