What does this research mean for the field?

Nitrogen- and metal-doped carbon inks formulated with a polyurethane-based matrix exhibit elastic-dominant rheological behavior suitable for 3D printing and demonstrate improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance after pyrolysis. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

Develop and evaluate 3D-printable carbon inks formulated with nitrogen, iron, and platinum precursors to fabricate macrostructured oxygen reduction reaction electrodes.

August 22, 2026ElectrochemOpen Access

Formulation and Characterization of 3D-Printable Nitrogen- and Metal-Doped Carbon Inks for ORR Electrode Applications

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Develop and evaluate 3D-printable carbon inks formulated with nitrogen, iron, and platinum precursors to fabricate macrostructured oxygen reduction reaction electrodes.
Formulated direct-ink-writing inks by dispersing XC-72 carbon and catalytic precursors (N, Fe–N, and Pt) into a polyurethane-based matrix.
Pyrolyzed ink formulations at 900 °C and characterized structural, rheological, and electrochemical properties using XRD, oscillatory rheology, BET surface area analysis, SEM, and rotating ring-disk electrode measurements.
Oscillatory rheology demonstrated storage moduli exceeding loss moduli across formulations, indicating the elastic-dominant behavior required for shape retention during 3D printing.
Platinum-group-metal-free Fe–N–C formulations exhibited higher oxygen reduction reaction onset potential, half-wave potential, limiting current density, and electron-transfer selectivity compared to baseline carbon controls.
BET analysis demonstrated a reduction in accessible surface area after precursor addition, indicating partial pore blocking or structural alteration during 900 °C pyrolysis.

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Implication

Experimental study demonstrates improved catalytic activity in 3D-printable doped carbon inks, highlighting viable additive manufacturing routes for fuel-cell electrodes.

Cite This Study

Dumont et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a895f41ca7ade938187dc2c https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem7030023

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Implication

Experimental study demonstrates improved catalytic activity in 3D-printable doped carbon inks, highlighting viable additive manufacturing routes for fuel-cell electrodes.

Formulation and Characterization of 3D-Printable Nitrogen- and Metal-Doped Carbon Inks for ORR Electrode Applications

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Discussion

Implication

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Formulation and Characterization of 3D-Printable Nitrogen- and Metal-Doped Carbon Inks for ORR Electrode Applications

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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