A self-powered anemometric velocity and azimuth sensing method for transmission lines based on TENG and MTEG

Transmission line operation is often impaired by complex environments, mainly wind speed and direction. This work proposes a novel self-powered wind monitoring sensing scheme integrating triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) and micro thermoelectric generators (MTEG): TENG harvests wind energy for full energy self-sufficiency, while MTEG acts as the core sensor for wind-temperature measurement. We established theoretical models for TENG energy collection and MTEG vector wind detection, then fabricated an integrated composite prototype. Using FEP as the friction layer, the TENG module reaches peak outputs of 25 V/4 μA, 43 V/8 μA and 60 V/12 μA at wind speeds of 3, 5 and 10 m/s, which proves the collected wind energy can supply power to low-duty-cycle sensing nodes. MTEG output voltage has a linear correlation with wind speed, and its four-unit array differentiates wind direction via voltage differences. This hybrid system offers a stable, sustainable real-time monitoring solution for power grids.