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Materials study demonstrates scalable synthesis of quinoid polymer acceptors via Turbo Grignard distannylation, highlighting a robust pathway for high-efficiency solar cells.
Conventional lithiation of ester-substituted quinoid fluorinated thieno[3,4-b]thiophenes (FTT) induces irreversible carbonyl degradation. We report a kinetically controlled i-PrMgCl·LiCl-mediated halogen–magnesium exchange that bypasses this limitation, enabling gram-scale synthesis of pure distannylated monomers. Stille polycondensation affords PY-FTT, a quinoid-enhanced polymer acceptor. All-polymer solar cells utilizing PY-FTT deliver an outstanding 12.4% power conversion efficiency. This mild stannylation protocol provides a robust paradigm for advanced narrow-bandgap conjugated materials.
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Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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