Comparative analysis demonstrates centimeter-level positioning accuracy for kinematic PPP-AR in hydrographic surveys, indicating its viability for dynamic marine positioning.
This study evaluates the performance of Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-AR) using multi-constellation GNSS for kinematic hydrographic surveying, comparing it against the traditional Network RTK (NRTK). Dual-frequency GNSS data were processed using three strategies: CORS-based NRTK corrections, the online CSRS PPP-AR service, and the open-source PRIDE PPP-AR software, using IGS rapid products. Each approach was assessed epoch-by-epoch against a high-precision PPK reference trajectory under various constellation configurations. Results demonstrate that ambiguity-resolved PPP achieves centimeter-level positioning accuracy comparable to NRTK and complies with IHO S-44 standards, providing PPP-AR with rapid orbits is a viable alternative for dynamic marine positioning.
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Aykut et al. (2026) studied this question.
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