Emotional intelligence, social networks, entrepreneurial adaptability and resilience: a cross-cultural study of entrepreneurial firms in Asia

Purpose This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of emotional intelligence (EI) and social networks (SN) on entrepreneurial resilience (ER), mediated by entrepreneurial adaptability (EA), in the entrepreneurial firm's context across China, Nepal, Indonesia and Pakistan. Adopting a social-epistemological lens, the research examines how culturally situated knowledge processes shape resilience. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from 375 owners, co-owners, and senior managers of entrepreneurial firms in China, Nepal, Indonesia and Pakistan. The study used validated scales to gather data, and pilot testing provided a foundation for subsequent analysis. SmartPLS 4 was employed to examine the relationships among emotional intelligence, social networks, and entrepreneurial resilience. Findings The study shows that emotional intelligence (EI) and social network support significantly influence entrepreneurial resilience, with adaptability acting as a mediator, highlighting the need for region-specific strategies. Research limitations/implications This research expands the understanding of entrepreneurial resilience by highlighting the role of emotional and social resources across cultures, offering insights into how cross-cultural factors influence emotional intelligence (EI), social networks and adaptability. Practical implications In China and Indonesia, policies should focus on fostering emotional intelligence through formal training and strengthening networking mechanisms. In Pakistan and Nepal, efforts should prioritize reinforcing informal community networks and promoting peer-to-peer support to enhance adaptability and long-term success. Originality/value This study offers a nuanced interpretation of entrepreneurial resilience by emphasizing the importance of cultural contexts and the synergistic impact of emotional intelligence (EI) and social networks, providing a foundation for tailored interventions to address the unique environmental challenges faced by entrepreneurs globally.