Evaluation of Jatropha curcas oil for biodiesel production under agro-climatic conditions in Eastern Morocco

This study provides the first evaluation of Jatropha curcas as a biodiesel source in Morocco, focusing on the agroclimatic and socioeconomic conditions of the Oujda region. Oil extracted from Jatropha seeds by cold mechanical pressing achieved an 18% yield, a method that helps preserve oil quality and valuable bioactive compounds. Because Jatropha is nonedible and well adapted to arid and semiarid environments, it represents a promising renewable energy crop for Morocco, where it could help reduce dependence on fossil fuels while addressing environmental and economic challenges. Analysis of seeds cultivated in Eastern Morocco showed a fatty acid composition similar to that reported in the plant’s native region, confirming its suitability under local conditions. The physicochemical properties of Jatropha oil were also close to those of conventional diesel. After transesterification, the resulting biodiesel exhibited a viscosity of 3.65 mm2/s at 40 °C and a density of 0.87 g/cm³, both consistent with diesel fuel standards. In engine tests, an 8% biodiesel and 92% diesel blend delivered satisfactory performance. Overall, the results support Jatropha curcas as a sustainable biofuel option for arid regions and provide useful guidance for future energy policy and agricultural development in Morocco.