Biomolecular Engineering of Biosensing Molecules —The Challenges in Creating Sensing Molecules for Glycated Protein Biosensing—

Ever since Clark and Lyons introduced the first enzyme sensor five decades ago, extensive studies have been carried out to develop a range of biosensors employing the combination of biosensing molecules and transducers. The evolution from the early generation through to the current generation of biosensor research has witnessed the appearance of a number of very diversified biosensing molecules. In this review, we summarize the biomolecular engineering technology underlying the development of biosensing molecules. Among the various biosensor research targets, we focused on the development of glycated protein sensing technology. Glycated protein sensing is one of the most emergent and focused on technology in the field of diabetes diagnosis. We especially focused on the recent advances in the development of fructosyl amino acid/fructosyl peptide oxidases, which are the key enzymes in the biochemical measurement of glycated proteins, as the representative biosensing molecules to acknowledge the rewards of the current advanced biomolecular engineering technology.