Synthesis of a Novel Class of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Arabidopsis Peroxisomes, and Their Use in Monitoring Short-Chain-Length Intermediates of β-Oxidation

The poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate] (PHA) synthase gene (phaC(Ac)) of Aeromonas caviae FA440 was modified by adding a peroxisome targeting signal encoding the last 10 amino acids at the carboxyl-terminal of spinach glycolate oxidase. The modified gene was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic Arabidopsis plant expressed the introduced gene and its protein, and it accumulated PHA in its tissues. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated the accumulation of a novel type of PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). This strongly suggests that short-chain-length (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs were generated from intermediates of peroxisomal beta-oxidation. It was revealed by using this transgenic plant that Tween-20 can activate peroxisomal beta-oxidation of short-chain-length fatty acids.