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The inflammatory responses to lymphatic filariae and to Onchocerca volvulus are reviewed with particular attention to evolutionary biology; inflammatory host spectrum; non-specific components; immunoregulation; immune evasion versus immunomodulation; chronic tissue damage and scarring and disease models. Basic principles of pathogenesis are emphasized, comparisons drawn with schistosome infection, and critical items of missing information are highlighted.
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Franz von Lichtenberg (1987) studied this question.
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