Both particle-in-cell and Vlasov simulations of the collective absorption of p-polarized intense laser light incident on a plasma with a steep density profile show the fractional absorption decreasing with intensity for large angles of incidence. Here an analytical model is developed that indicates that this effect for a high-temperature plasma (Te⩾2.5 keV) is connected with the conversion of a large fraction of the incident energy into harmonic emission. Good agreement between the results of Vlasov simulations and those of the nonlinear analytical model are obtained.
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Rühl et al. (1997) studied this question.