Key result
Poliovirus disseminates to the central nervous system via transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier and retrograde axonal transport of CD155-containing vesicles in motor neurons.
This preclinical study elucidates the mechanisms of poliovirus dissemination, demonstrating oral infection in a novel mouse model, transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier, and CD155-dependent retrograde axonal transport.
Does not alter clinical polio management; extends mechanistic insights in mouse models but requires human validation.
It is considered there are two main pathways for poliovirus dissemination towards the central nervous system in humans. One is the pathway through the blood brain barrier. The orally ingested virus invades into the blood circulation, and then the virus permeates into the central nervous system through the blood brain barrier. The other is the neural pathway. In this pathway, the intramuscularly-inoculated virus is transported through the axons from the synapse to the cell body in the central nervous system. We have developed the oral infection system using the mouse models. Moreover, we proposed the possibility that PV is transcytosed through the brain capillary epithelia in a specific manner. As for the neural pathway, we have proved that PV is endocytosed into CD155 containing vesicles and the vesicles are retrogradely transported in the axon of rat primary motor neuron. We have also shown that the cytoplasmic dynein takes part in the transport.
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Seii Ohka (2006) conducted a review in Poliovirus infection. Poliovirus infection models was evaluated on Poliovirus dissemination pathways to the central nervous system. Poliovirus disseminates to the central nervous system via transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier and retrograde axonal transport of CD155-containing vesicles in motor neurons.
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