Key result
Poorly controlled gestational diabetes was not associated with significant alterations in third-trimester fetal diastolic functions, such as pulmonary vein pulsatility index, compared to healthy controls.
Why the study?
It was unknown whether third-trimester fetal cardiac diastolic function is affected in appropriate-for-gestational-age or macrosomic fetuses of gestational diabetic mothers with poor glycaemic control.
Does gestational diabetes mellitus with poor glycaemic control alter third-trimester fetal cardiac diastolic function in normally grown or macrosomic fetuses compared to healthy pregnancies?
Cross-Sectional (n=93)
No
Does gestational diabetes mellitus with poor glycaemic control alter third-trimester fetal cardiac diastolic function in normally grown or macrosomic fetuses compared to healthy pregnancies?
Third-trimester fetal diastolic functions measured by conventional Doppler techniques are not significantly altered in appropriately grown or macrosomic fetuses of mothers with poorly controlled gestational diabetes compared to healthy controls.
Diastolic function appears preserved in this GDM subgroup; leaves open whether conventional Doppler misses subtle effects or if monitoring thresholds should differ.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether the third trimester fetal cardiac diastolic function measured by selected conventional Doppler indices is affected in appropriate-for-gestational-age or macrosomic fetuses of gestational diabetic mothers with poor glycaemic control. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 93 pregnant women divided into two groups. Group 1 included 45 appropriate-for-gestational-age or macrosomic fetuses from gestational diabetic mothers with poor glycaemic control (study group). Group 2 included 48 appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses from gestational age-matched healthy mothers (control group). Functional fetal cardiac parameters and fetoplacental Doppler parameters were measured. Data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Maternal characteristics did not differ significantly between the study and the control group. There were no significant differences in the early and late velocity, early/late velocity ratio of both mitral and tricuspid valves, the fetal pulmonary vein pulsatility index, and the ductus venosus pulsatility index between the study and the control group. Moreover, the rate of abnormal Doppler findings in pulmonary vein (pulmonary vein pulsatility index >95th centile), ductus venosus (ductus venosus pulsatility index >95th centile), and peripheral vessels (umbilical artery pulsatility index >95th centile, middle cerebral artery pulsatility index <5th centile, cerebra-placental index >95th centile) were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The third trimester fetal diastolic functions measured by selected conventional Doppler techniques do not seem to be altered in appropriate-for-gestational-age or macrosomic fetuses of gestational diabetic mothers who have poor glycaemic control.
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A 2022 study conducted a cross-sectional in Gestational diabetes mellitus (n=93). Poorly controlled gestational diabetes mellitus vs. Healthy pregnant women was evaluated on Fetal pulmonary vein pulsatility index (PV-PI) (p=0.868). Poorly controlled gestational diabetes was not associated with significant alterations in third-trimester fetal diastolic functions, such as pulmonary vein pulsatility index, compared to healthy controls.
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