Population
28 normal singleton pregnancies at 20-36 weeks of gestation (out of 60 attempted)
Design
Cross-sectional
Authors
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Supports normative fetal pulmonary venous reference ranges; leaves open prognostic value in high-risk pregnancies.
Fetal pulmonary venous inflow into the left atrium occurs throughout the cardiac cycle, predominantly during filling and ejection phases, with velocity increasing with gestational age.
Brezinka et al. (1999) studied this question.
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