A novel beam-steering leaky-wave antenna that uses reactive loading capacitors along the leaky line is presented. The reactive loading varies the phase constant of the leaky line, altering direction of the main beam. A prototype was constructed and tested, demonstrating that a beam scanning angle of 23° is obtained by periodically loading the 0.06527 pF capacitors along the leaky line at 4 GHz. An electronic beam-steering antenna of scanning angle 13° was established by replacing the MIM capacitors with varactors.
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Chen et al. (2002) studied this question.
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