The fact that cholinergic neurons inhibit acute inflammation qualitatively expanded the mechanism of how the nervous system modulates immune responses. The nervous system reflexively controls and regulates the inflammatory response in real time. It means that we could use above knowledge for the treatment of the inflammation at the level of the hard-wired neural systems. The inflammatory response is crucial, because the insufficient response cause immunodeficiency, what can lead to infection and cancer. Excessive response can cause morbidity and mortality through lymphoid organs (spleen, gut), where conversion of allergy into carcinogenesis is ongoing. Our point is that study of the tumor microenvironment is no longer enough for mechanistic explanation of carcinogenesis. As a prior mechanism newly must be seen lymphoid organs and regulation of the immune system by the CNS.
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A 2015 study studied this question.
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