Achieving Superior Energy Storage Properties and Ultrafast Discharge Speed in Environment-Friendly Niobate-Based Glass Ceramics

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Glass ceramics composed of Na 2 O–BaO–Bi 2 O 3 –Nb 2 O 5 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 (NBBN-AS) were modified by rare-earth doping and prepared via the melt-quenching process accompanied by controlled crystallization. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy displayed the glassy matrix closely encompassing the nanosized NaNbO 3, Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 15, BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8, and AlNbO 4 crystalline grains. With rare-earth doping, the NBBN-AS glass ceramics’ theoretical energy storage density can reach 22.48 J/cm 3 . This excellent energy storage property is credited with increasing breakdown strength, and numerical simulation was applied to reveal the intrinsic mechanism for increased breakdown strength by rare-earth doping. The charge–discharge results indicated a giant power density of 220 MW/cm 3 as well as an ultrafast discharge speed of 11 ns. The results indicate that the glass ceramic can be used in advanced capacitor applications.