The frequency limitation of coupled-biquadratic active ladder structures is derived in terms of the gain-bandwidth products of the operational amplifiers. It is shown that the finite bandwidths of the amplifiers are analogous to finite negative Q factors of the passive inductance-capacitance LC counterpart, and a technique is proposed for the compensation of the passband deviation that is caused by this effect.
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Bruton et al. (1974) studied this question.
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