Differential scanning calorimetry is employed to investigate the cold flow property of a series of fuel mixtures prepared from fast pyrolysis bio-oil, crude glycerol, methanol, and/or biochar. Bio-oil alone has a melting peak temperature ( T MP ) of −21.9 °C that may lead to difficulties in practical applications under extreme cold weather conditions. Bio-oil water-soluble fraction (WSF) is even more problematic as its T MP is −8.7 °C. The results show that these problems can be alleviated or even eliminated by mixing various formulated crude glycerols (FCGs) with bio-oil or WSF. The T MP of FCG/methanol/bio-oil (FCGMB) blends significantly decreased from −21.9 to −38.1 °C. Similar phenomena were also seen for the FCG/WSF (FCGWSF) blends, with decreases in T MP from −8.7 to −32.0 °C. Water can worsen the cold flow properties of FCGMB and FCGWSF blends. However, other components in FCGs can lower the T MP and hence improve the cold flow properties of these fuel mixtures (with the effectiveness in the order of NaCl > NaOH > methanol > glycerol > soap due to solvation effect). The presence of biochar has a limited effect on the cold flow property of the slurry fuels, leading to a decrease of merely 4 °C in the T MP at a 20% biochar loading level.
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Gao et al. (2017) studied this question.
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