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The subjects of this study were patients with refractory patulous Eustachian tubes (PETs), who required surgical intervention, including Kobayashi plug insertion or ventilation tube insertion. We mainly used Eustachian tube function tests (tubotympanoaerodynamic graphy: TTAG and sonotubometry: SON), to investigate the differences in the pathology and optimal treatment strategy in patients with and without habitual sniffing.
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Endo et al. (2018) studied this question.
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