A number of laboratory tests have been devised to determine the fertility of bulls. Williams and Savage (12) found a relation between motility, concentration, percentage of abnormal fomns, and head length of spermatozoa in bulls of good, average, and poor breeding efficiency. To determine semen quality, Beck and Salisbury (]) reported the use of methylene-blue reduction time; Mann (9) suggested an index based on utilization of fructose; and Lasley, Easley, and McKcnzie (8) suggested a stain for differentiation between living and dead spermatozoa. Herman and Swanson (6) reported the time of survival with good motility to be a good index of fertility. These authors also reported that semen from bulls of good, questionable, and poor fertility averaged 14.2, 24, and 45.8 per cent of abnormal forms. Herman et al.
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Cupps et al. (1953) studied this question.
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