Optimization of PLA/Mg/PEG biocomposite filaments for 3D-printed bone scaffolds using response surface methodology (RSM)

This study optimizes biocomposite filaments composed of polylactic acid (PLA), magnesium (Mg), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for bone scaffold applications via 3D printing. Using Response Surface Methodology, extrusion parameters including temperature, screw speed, and Mg and PEG proportions were optimized to achieve a consistent filament diameter of 1.75 mm, meeting 3D printing standards. Extrusion temperature significantly influenced filament diameter by reducing PLA viscosity at higher temperatures. Screw speed impacted diameter uniformity and density, while Mg enhanced filament strength but posed challenges in uniform distribution. PEG improved flexibility, mitigating Mg-induced stiffness. Scanning electron microscopy revealed voids and uneven Mg inclusions, indicating areas for process enhancement. These findings advance the development of optimized biocomposite filaments, providing a foundation for improved fabrication techniques in bone tissue engineering.