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This work reports a sub-1 volt drive voltage (Vπ) folded phase modulator utilizing capacitor-loaded traveling wave electrodes (CLTWEs). The implementation employs a low-loss CLTWE on a quartz (Qz) substrate, facilitating both broadband index matching and minimal RF loss. A series of phase modulators of varying lengths have been fabricated and subjected to experimental characterization. The measured loss for straight CLTWEs is 0.21 dB/(cm·GHz1/2). The experimentally determined DC Vπis 0.52 V for a modulation length of 7.5 cm.
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Xiaofeng et al. (2025) studied this question.
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