Efficient intramolecular energy transfer (ET) from an excited chromophore to Nd3+ and Er3+ ions with subsequent emission in the near-infrared (hν2) is possible in novel compounds (1). These are made by covalent attachment of fluorescein to a calix[4]arene possessing a cavity at the lower rim in which the trivalent lanthanoid ions are complexed.
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Wolbers et al. (1998) studied this question.
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