Significance of left ventricular strain in cardiac magnetic resonance for short-term prognosis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the structural measurements conducted using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. a Four-chamber end-diastolic short diameter: from the middle of a left ventricle perpendicular to the ventricular septum at the basal level. b Four-chamber end-diastolic length (solid line): from the midpoint of a mitral valve to the apex of a left ventricle; ventricular septum thickness (broken line) assessed at the end of the diastole in the mid-segment of the left ventricle. c Left ventricular short-axis larger (solid line) and smaller diameters (broken line) were measured on the short-axis image (middle section) at the end of diastole

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  Fig. 2. Comparison of global radial, global circumferential, and global longitudinal strains between patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and controls. a Histogram of global radial strain; b histogram of global circumferential strain; c histogram of global longitudinal strain

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  Fig. 3. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of strain in a 17-year-old in the volunteer group (a–c) and an 8-year-old girl in the patient group (d–f). The true fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence images shows short-axis cine global radial strain (a, d), short-axis cine global circumferential strain (b, e), and two-chamber cine global longitudinal strain (c, f)

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  Fig. 4. Analysis of the correlation between global myocardial strain and cumulative dose of daunorubicin. a Correlation between global radial strain and cumulative dose of daunorubicin; b correlation between global longitudinal strain and cumulative dose of daunorubicin

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  Fig. 5. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) analysis of the impact of global longitudinal strain on adverse clinical outcomes and cardiac events. a K–M analysis of adverse clinical outcomes with global longitudinal strain of ≥ 18% (global longitudinal strain − , represented by the blue line) and < 18% (global longitudinal strain + , represented by the red line); b K–M analysis of adverse cardiac events with global longitudinal strain of ≥ 18% (global longitudinal strain − , represented by the blue line) and < 18% (global longitudinal strain + , represented by the red line)