The phenomenon of the excitation of multiply-excited states in beam-foil spectroscopy is reviewed: 1. Introduction, early B.F.S. work. 2. ( a ) Earlier non-beam-foil observations of multiply-excited states; ( b ) Theoretical development of multiply-excited systems; ( c ) Experiments and theory since 1961. 3. B.F.S. photon measurements: ( a ) He I isoelectronic sequence. ( b ) Li I isoelectronic sequence. ( c ) Be I and heavier isoelectronic sequences. ( d ) Transition probabilities, comparison of theory and experiment. 4. B.F.S. electron measurements. 5. The beam-foil interaction process. 6. Present problems and future aspects.
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H. G. Berry (1975) studied this question.
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