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Cellular labeling. MR visualization of cells has been attained by anchoring negatively charged Gd-loaded nanoparticles at the cellular membrane by a polycationic linker. Each nanoparticle contains approximately 800 Gd-chelates and each cell has been loaded with approximately 5×106 particles. In this way only 15 % of the negative charges on the membrane has been used. The method has been validated by confocal microscopy.
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Gianolio et al. (2007) studied this question.
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