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Review the dynamic structural organization and regulatory roles of nuclear speckles, emphasizing their assembly via liquid-liquid phase separation.

July 10, 2021FEBS JournalOpen Access

Nuclear speckles: dynamic hubs of gene expression regulation

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Narrative review outlines the formation and function of nuclear speckles in eukaryotic cells, highlighting their role in regulating gene expression.

Review the dynamic structural organization and regulatory roles of nuclear speckles, emphasizing their assembly via liquid-liquid phase separation.
Synthesized literature on eukaryotic nuclear compartmentalization, membrane-less organelles, and phase separation mechanisms.
Analyzed mechanistic evidence regarding the structural contributions of large intrinsically disordered proteins to nuclear speckle assembly.
Characterized nuclear speckles as liquid-liquid phase-separated membrane-less compartments that concentrate biochemical components for gene expression.
Identified the intrinsically disordered region-rich proteins SON and SRRM2 as essential drivers required for the structural formation and maintenance of nuclear speckles.

Ilik et al. (2021) studied this question.

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Narrative review outlines the formation and function of nuclear speckles in eukaryotic cells, highlighting their role in regulating gene expression.