A Review of Potato Nutrient Management: Unique Fertilization Needs of a Unique Crop

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the leading vegetable crop within the USA and globally, in both acreage and value. Unlike most crops grown from true seed, commercial potato production begins with large seed pieces that provide initial nutrition. As growth progresses, potatoes are more sensitive than many crops to both nutrient deficiencies and excesses, particularly of the primary macronutrients, largely due to shallow, inefficient root systems. Combined with high nutrient uptake and removal rates, this results in especially high requirements, particularly for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Critical soil test levels for P are nearly double those of most crops, and fertilizer needs are similarly elevated, though efficiencies can be improved through banded placement and use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers. The K demand is similarly high, with optimal petiole concentrations exceeding 6–8% during tuber initiation and bulking. Nitrogen management has the greatest overall impact on yield and quality, requiring steady availability from ~40 d after planting through tuber bulking Sulfur and micronutrients are frequently needed, though less studied. Weekly petiole analysis provides essential in-season guidance and refinement. While manure can supply nutrients, it should not be applied within a year of planting. Nutrient requirements also vary among cultivars.