Chemotherapy-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To assist clinical nurses in understanding the complex nature of chemotherapy-induced hypersensitivity reactions as well as effectively preventing or managing these reactions. DATA SOURCES: Published articles and abstracts, pertinent book chapters, computerized databases. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most available chemotherapy drugs can cause hypersensitivity reactions, but certain drug groups frequently are associated with these reactions (e.g., asparaginases, taxanes, platinum compounds, epipodophyllotoxins). Preventing hypersensitivity reactions is the primary goal; however, understanding the principles of managing these reactions is critical because hypersensitivity reactions can occur despite using appropriate prevention strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy-induced hypersensitivity reactions are potentially life-threatening. Nurses working with chemotherapy drugs must understand which drugs are associated with a high risk of causing hypersensitivity reactions and must be prepared to attempt to prevent or manage reactions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: The potentially life-threatening nature of hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy requires that nurses have a plan to manage them. This may include a written policy on staff education and training, appropriate equipment, and medications.