From optimistic to overwhelmed: exploring health beliefs and barriers to oral anticancer medication adherence among cancer survivors

Purpose This study explored cancer survivors’ health beliefs about oral anticancer medications (OAMs) and examined how these beliefs influence adherence-related decision-making, while identifying barriers and strategies to support cancer management. Methods Twelve patients with cancer using OAMs, previously categorized into three health belief profiles, were interviewed virtually. Thematic analysis and theme mapping were used to examine the complexity of how survivors formed beliefs about cancer and OAM use. Results Survivors expressed diverse beliefs that shaped coping, adherence, and engagement with care. Three domains emerged: positive beliefs reinforcing trust in providers and treatment; negative beliefs focused on recurrence, side effects, and systemic barriers; and varied beliefs about OAMs influenced by information sources and support networks. Conclusions Survivors’ health beliefs influenced adherence and coping, underscoring the need for tailored education, communication, and support. Personalized, profile-based interventions are essential to strengthen treatment confidence and guide patient-centered survivorship care.