What does this research mean for the field?

Undergraduate students experience moderate-to-high presence, fidelity, and immersion in immersive VR learning objects, which strongly correlate with each other and vary non-monotonically based on prior VR experience. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine self-reported perceptions of presence, fidelity, immersion, and usability among higher-education students interacting with an immersive virtual reality learning object.

August 23, 2026Virtual WorldsOpen Access

Perceived Presence, Fidelity, Immersion and Usability in an Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Object: A Cross-Sectional Study with Higher-Education Students in a Future Classroom Environment

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To examine self-reported perceptions of presence, fidelity, immersion, and usability among higher-education students interacting with an immersive virtual reality learning object.
Cross-sectional survey of N=250 undergraduate students of Early Childhood and Primary Education at the University of Seville.
Administered the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ), a fidelity–immersion scale, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) immediately following a single interaction with a Future Classroom VR module.
Students reported moderate-to-high ratings for presence, realism, fidelity, and immersion, alongside a notable usability rating (SUS = 71.18; internal consistency α = 0.881–0.931).
Perceived presence, fidelity, and immersion correlated strongly and positively with each other, but demonstrated only weak and heterogeneous associations with usability.
Prior experience with VR and head-mounted displays showed a non-monotonic association where the intermediate-experience group rated dimensions lowest, while gender differences were absent except for exploratory involvement.

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Implication

Cross-sectional study uncovers high presence and usability in undergraduate education students using immersive virtual reality, indicating strong experiential engagement across user backgrounds.

Cite This Study

Almenara et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8aadd57677a34114446399 https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5030041

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Implication

Cross-sectional study uncovers high presence and usability in undergraduate education students using immersive virtual reality, indicating strong experiential engagement across user backgrounds.

Perceived Presence, Fidelity, Immersion and Usability in an Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Object: A Cross-Sectional Study with Higher-Education Students in a Future Classroom Environment

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Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Perceived Presence, Fidelity, Immersion and Usability in an Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Object: A Cross-Sectional Study with Higher-Education Students in a Future Classroom Environment

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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