An interactive 2D/3D anatomical resource of the rhesus monkey cerebrum from high-resolution real-color sectioned images

The rhesus monkey cerebrum is an important anatomical model for comparative and translational neuroscience, but direct access to high-quality brain specimens is limited. Existing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based atlases provide valuable spatial references, but they do not preserve the real-color tissue appearance of the original specimen. Building on the Visible Monkey project, this study established an integrated anatomical resource of the rhesus monkey cerebrum using high-resolution, real-color sectioned images. Seventy-seven serial sectioned images of the head were used for manual segmentation of 35 major cerebral structures. Segmentation was performed with reference to the INIA19 atlas, the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), and a real-color sectioned-image atlas of the rhesus monkey head, without direct transfer of atlas labels. The segmented structures were reconstructed as solid-colored and real-color three-dimensional (3D) surface models, and their volumes were measured. Grouped cortical volume distributions were broadly consistent with those of the mHOA at the regional level, supporting anatomical plausibility. The dataset was implemented in an interactive web application linking sectioned images, segmentation overlays, slice-position guidance, and 3D models. This resource provides a practical platform for repeated anatomical exploration and complements MRI-based atlases by linking atlas-guided segmentation with real-color sectional anatomy and interactive 3D visualization.