Design and Development of a Low-Cost Intelligent Arduino-Based Fire Fighting Robot for Automated Fire Detection and Emergency Response

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-COST INTELLIGENT ARDUINO-BASED FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT FOR AUTOMATED FIRE DETECTION AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE 1Nitish Kumar, 2Pinaki Satpathy, 3MD Ghulam Rizwan, 4Nirmal Kumar Singh, 5Om Prakash Kumar, 6Prabhash Kumar 1,3,4,5,6UG Student, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 2Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal ABSTRACT Fires cause extensive loss of life and property, and conventional firefighting methods often place human responders at considerable risk. This paper presents the design and development of a low-cost, intelligent, Arduino-based fire fighting robot capable of automated fire detection and remote-assisted fire suppression. The system integrates an infrared flame sensor for real-time fire detection, a dual-motor driver circuit for locomotion, a compact 5V water pump for extinguishing, and a Bluetooth communication module for wireless remote operation. An Arduino Uno microcontroller, built around the ATmega328P, forms the central processing unit, coordinating sensor inputs and actuator outputs to achieve a semi-autonomous firefighting response. Upon detecting a flame, the robot alerts the operator in real time and can be directed toward the fire source, where the onboard pump is triggered to spray water and extinguish the flame. Experimental testing on a working prototype demonstrates that the proposed system offers a reliable, inexpensive, and effective platform for early-stage fire suppression, particularly suited to confined or hazardous environments where direct human intervention is dangerous. The design emphasizes modularity, low cost, and ease of replication, and is intended as a foundation for further enhancement through AI-based multi-sensor fusion, autonomous navigation, and swarm robotics.