In vitro study demonstrates enhanced endometrial stromal proliferation and angiogenesis with umbilical cord stem cell secretome, suggesting potential cell-free therapy for thin endometrium.
Background: Thin endometrium is a significant cause of infertility due to impaired regeneration, reduced receptivity, and insufficient angiogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome (MSCsec) is a promising cell-free therapy because it contains bioactive molecules that promote tissue repair. This study evaluated the effects of Wharton’s jelly-derived MSC secretome (WJ-MSCsec) on human endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) and endothelial cells in vitro. Methods: WJ-MSCs were isolated from umbilical cord tissue, characterized, and cultured under serum-free conditions. The concentrated secretome was analyzed using a human angiogenesis proteome array. EnSCs were isolated from endometrial biopsies. EnSC proliferation and migration in the presence of WJ-MSCsec were assessed using CCK-8 and scratch wound-healing assays. Pro-angiogenic activity of WJ-MSCsec was evaluated using a Matrigel tube formation assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: Proteomic analysis of WJ-MSCsec revealed the presence of angiogenic, mitogenic, immunomodulatory, and chemotactic factors. Treatment with WJ-MSCsec significantly enhanced EnSC proliferation and accelerated wound closure. Furthermore, WJ-MSCsec markedly promoted endothelial tube formation, increasing total tube length, junction number, and mesh formation. Conclusions: WJ-MSCsec stimulates EnSC proliferation and migration while enhancing angiogenesis in vitro. WJ-MSCsec represents a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for endometrial regeneration and reproductive disorders associated with impaired endometrial function.
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Doneva et al. (2026) studied this question.
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