Clinical Decision-Making in Contemporary Prosthodontics: A Pilot Survey Comparing Romanian and Foreign Dentists

(1) Background: This pilot study compared restorative practices, material-selection criteria, digital workflow adoption, and perceptions of hybrid restorative materials among 100 Romanian and foreign dentists; (2) Methods: Participants completed a 15-item questionnaire covering three domains: knowledge and clinical practice, material selection and professional perspectives, and Katana Avencia evaluation. Statistical analysis examined both item-level differences and multivariate response patterns; (3) Results: Although foreign dentists tended to favor zirconia restorations, responses within the knowledge and clinical practice domain were comparable between groups. Within the material selection and professional perspectives domain, professional perceptions of glass-ceramic restorations differed significantly between groups (p = 0.005, V = 0.45). Romanian dentists were more likely to identify translucency and durability as their main advantages, whereas foreign dentists emphasized optical and adhesive performance. Perceived barriers to CAD/CAM adoption also varied significantly (p < 0.001, V = 0.50), with Romanian dentists reporting structural barriers and foreign dentists reporting educational barriers. Significant differences in the perceived role of continuing professional education (p = 0.012, V = 0.38) reflected the greater importance assigned to continuing professional education by foreign dentists. The remaining items in this domain showed no significant differences. Both groups similarly evaluated the clinical reliability and esthetic performance of Katana Avencia restorations. However, they differed significantly in their preferred clinical indications (p < 0.001, V = 0.50), with foreign dentists favoring definitive anterior restorations and Romanian dentists favoring provisional and stress-absorbing applications. Multivariate analysis revealed distinct response profiles, with Romanian dentists associated with structural barriers to digital adoption and foreign dentists associated with continuing professional education and esthetic-oriented practice; (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest broad professional convergence within this pilot cohort, with the observed differences being associated with respondents’ perceptions of practice-related barriers, digital infrastructure, and continuing professional education. Given the exploratory, cross-sectional, and self-reported nature of the study, these associations should not be interpreted as evidence of causal or objectively measured differences between healthcare environments.