Bridging the gap: is Chlamydia trachomatis a risk factor for developing adenomyosis?

Chlamydia trachomatis and adenomyosis are prevalent health issues significantly impacting women’s reproductive health. While adenomyosis is characterised by endometrial tissue invading the myometrium, C. trachomatis is linked to chronic reproductive disease in women such as pelvic inflammatory disease. Despite increasing prevalence of both conditions, the potential link between them remains underexplored. Chronic inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by C. trachomatis may contribute to the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, particularly through inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and hormonal dysregulation. This review aims to establish a foundation for future research to unravel the potential molecular process that may link C. trachomatis infection and adenomyosis. Understanding these connections could lead to the development of enhanced diagnostic techniques and targeted therapeutic interventions, consequently improving patient outcomes in reproductive health.