Class III malocclusion: Insights and current perspectives

Class III malocclusion is a complex orthodontic challenge characterized by the lower front teeth being positioned ahead of the upper front teeth, often resulting in functional and social difficulties. This review explores the etiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment options for Class III malocclusion, emphasizing the genetic inheritance and skeletal growth patterns that influence its manifestation. Orthopedic appliances and orthognathic surgery are key treatment approaches, with early intervention favored to optimize outcomes. This article also discusses the role of temporary anchorage devices in treatment, retention protocols, and the importance of long-term follow-up to ensure stability and patient satisfaction. Advances in orthodontic technology and ongoing research into the genetic basis of Class III malocclusion promise continued improvements in treatment strategies, offering more predictable and patient-centered care.