Sex-specific effects of intensity and dose of physical activity on BOLD-fMRI cerebrovascular reactivity and cerebral pulsatility

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Relative CVR pipeline from preprocessed BOLD data.

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  Figure 2.. Effects of total PA dose on CVR. Box plots from Tukey’s tests showing the relationship between relative CVR and total PA dose in males and females. Green) Relative cerebral cortex CVR and total PA dose for males (No: n = 4; Low: n = 28; Medium: n = 81; High: n = 163); Red) Relative cerebral cortex CVR and total PA dose for females (No: n = 9; Low: n = 48; Medium: n = 105; High: n = 188). Significance (FDR corrected p < 0.05) is indicated by *.

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  Figure 3.. Effects of different PA intensity on CVR in males. Multiple linear regressions displaying the relationship between relative CVR and different doses of PA at different intensities in males. Linear relations between relative CVR and (a) total PA in the cerebellum; (b) total PA in the superior parietal gyrus; (c) total PA in the insula; (d) walking PA in the superior parietal gyrus and (e) vigorous PA in the cingulate gyrus. P-values shown were FDR corrected.

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  Figure 4.. Effects of different PA intensity on CVR in females. Multiple linear regressions exhibiting the relationship between relative CVR and dose of PA at different intensities in all, premenopausal and postmenopausal females. Linear relations between relative CVR and (a) total PA in the superior occipital gyrus; (b) walking PA in the superior occipital gyrus; (c) walking PA in the middle occipital gyrus in premenopausal females; (d) walking PA in the inferior occipital gyrus in postmenopausal females and (e) walking PA in the cingulate gyrus in all females. P-values shown were FDR corrected.

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  Figure 5.. Effects of PA dose on cerebral cortex CP. Box plots from Tukey’s tests presenting the relationship between CP and total PA in males and females. Green) CP and total PA in the cerebral cortex of males (No: n = 4; Low: n = 27; Medium: n = 77; High: n = 159); Red) CP and total PA in the cerebral cortex of females (No: n = 9; Low: n = 48; Medium: n = 103; High: n = 177). Significance (FDR corrected p < 0.05) is indicated by *.

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  Figure 6.. Effects of total PA on regional CP. Box plots from Tukey’s tests displaying the relationship between CP and dose of PA in males, all females and postmenopausal females. (a) Males CP in the middle temporal gyrus (No: n = 4; Low: n = 27; Medium: n = 77; High: n = 159); (b) Females CP in the superior temporal gyrus (No: n = 9; Low: n = 48; Medium: n = 103; High: n = 177); Postmenopausal females CP in (c) Inferior Temporal Gyrus; (d) Cingulate Gyrus; (e) Cerebellum and (f) Hippocampus (No: n = 6; Low: n = 30; Medium: n = 59; High: n = 113). Significance (FDR corrected p < 0.05) is indicated by *.