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A general form of prediction equation is presented for the strength of reinforcing bar development, lapped bar splices, and hooked bar anchorages in reinforced concrete. The form of the prediction equation shows bond strength as a function of the square root of the development length, cover, and transverse steel ratios, as well as the cube root of the concrete strength. Nearly mean value prediction behavior is indicated for all categories of bar development test data. The equation has applications in both research planning and analysis, and in calibration studies for the related understrength factors for strength design. Results of the analysis of bar development data show significant effects of diagonal cracking, multiple bar groups, and moment gradient on development strength.
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Theodore C. Zsutty (1985) studied this question.
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