Key result
Physical and numerical simulations of a femoral artery anastomosis model demonstrated flow separation, secondary flows, and transition to turbulence at a maximum physiological Reynolds number of 1640.
Physical and numerical simulations reveal flow separation and transition to turbulence in a femoral artery anastomosis model, highlighting regions of altered skin friction.
Steady-flow simulations of femoral graft anastomosis extend CFD models at physiological Re; leaves open clinical translation pending validation.
Physical and numerical simulation of the steady blood flow was carried out focusing on the distal end-to-side anastomosis of a graft to the femoral artery. The angle between the graft and the artery was 60°. Two Reynolds numbers were considered that corresponded to the physiological range when estimated using the average (Re = 240) and maximum (Re = 1640) blood flow through the human femoral artery over a single cardiac cycle. The experiment included flow visualization and measurements of instantaneous vector fields of velocity using an optical SIV (Smoke Image Velocimetry) technique. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) was employed for numerical study. The distribution of blood flows through the branches of the main artery was 80 % in the antegrade and 20 % in the retrograde direction. Main patterns in the distribution of velocity and its root-mean-square fluctuations in both branches of the main artery were revealed. Flow separation regions were observed in the branching area. Additionally, secondary flows (Prandtl’s vortices of the first kind) were revealed. The flow in the branching area was still laminar Re = 240, while the signs of transition to turbulence were documented within separation regions at Re = 1640. Distributions of streamwise and circumferential components of skin friction vector were estimated. In some regions of flow, these components were shown to be comparable in size. The location of regions was revealed in which the friction magnitude in the considered flow regimes was lower than the one in an unimpaired artery (developed laminar flow in a circular pipe) at appropriate Reynolds numbers.
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Молочников et al. (2023) studied Distal anastomosis of femoral artery. Physical and numerical simulation (Re = 240 and Re = 1640) was evaluated on Flow structure, velocity distribution, and skin friction. Physical and numerical simulations of a femoral artery anastomosis model demonstrated flow separation, secondary flows, and transition to turbulence at a maximum physiological Reynolds number of 1640.
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