INTRODUCTION 379 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL 380 PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND HYDROCARBON 381 Water-Soluble Components of Petroleum 382 Water-Insoluble Liquid Hydrocarbons 382 Emulsion formation •• 384 Hydrocarbon uptake into cells 385 Water-Insoluble Solid Hydrocarbons 385 PETROLEUM BIODEGRADATION: GENERAL NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ...... 386 PETROLEUM DEGRADATION: METABOLIC SPECIFICITY 388 Initial Oxidation 388 Inducer Specificity 389 MICROBIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL TANKER OPERATIONS 390 Oil Tankers and the Ballast Voyage 390 Potential Applications 392
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Gutnick et al. (1977) studied this question.