The $3d$ transition metal scandium (Sc) has been studied under pressures up to 35 GPa by energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction. A structural phase transition was observed around 20 GPa from hcp to β-Np structure (tetragonal, four atoms per unit cell). This high-pressure structure of Sc is different from any known structure of trivalent rare-earth metals and points out the limitations of canonical band-theory calculations which qualitatively accounted so far for the crystal-structure trends in the d-band metals, including lanthanides.
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Vohra et al. (1982) studied this question.
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