Long‐term transesophageal echocardiography after patent foramen ovale closure by BioSTAR and Amplatzer patent foramen ovale occluders

OBJECTIVES: To compare transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) findings after patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure by BioSTAR (NMT Medical Inc, Boston, MA) and Amplatzer PFO occluders (Abbott Vascular, Plymouth, MN). BACKGROUND: PFO closure with a biodegradable device represents an attractive alternative to permanent devices. Long-term effectiveness and morphology after biodegradation remain unknown. METHODS: Between February 2008 and June 2014, 49 patients received BioSTAR and 48 Amplatzer PFO occluder. TOE was performed after closure, at 6 months and beyond 2 years. RESULTS: PFO features were comparable between the groups. Immediate effective closure (<5 bubbles on Valsalva) was obtained in 96% by BioSTAR and 88% by Amplatzer PFO occluder (p = .16). Except for transient fever after BioSTAR (10.8 vs. 0%; p = .08), there was no adverse events. TOE at 6 months revealed comparable effective closure (93 vs. 89%; p = .74), all devices in correct position and no thrombus/pericardial effusion. In the BioSTAR group, a peri-device left-to-right color Doppler shunt was documented in one patient (2.2%), protrusion of the nitinol framework strut(s) into the atrial cavity in two patients (4.3%), and both events in one patient (2.2%). TOE beyond 2 years showed comparable effective closure (92 vs. 96%; p = 1.00) and again BioSTAR-associated peri-device left-to-right shunt and metal framework strut(s) protrusion. There was no stroke or peripheral embolization in either group while TIA was numerically greater in BioSTAR patients (6.8 vs. 2.5%; p = .61). CONCLUSION: BioSTAR provided similar PFO closure rate as Amplatzer PFO occluder. As yet unreported BioSTAR-associated peri-device left-to-right shunt and metal framework strut(s) protrusion may have practical implications for further development of biodegradable devices.