Three‐dimensional simulation of hydrothermal circulation at mid‐ocean ridges

Results of numerical simulations of three dimensional hydrothermal convection in a layered medium representative of mid‐ocean ridge environments are presented. Regional‐scale three dimensional flow patterns naturally arise from reasonable assumptions about permeability distributions and magnitude of base heating. These flow patterns are characterized by broad downwelling but restricted regions of upwelling. Magmatic intrusions along the ridge axis induce vigorous convection restricted to the vicinity of the ridge‐axis, whose character changes during the intrusion cooling phase.