Key result
This review familiarizes radiologists with the preferred lead positions, anatomic variants, incorrect positions, defects, and complications of pacemakers and ICDs on chest radiographs and CT scans.
This review provides a guide for radiologists to identify normal and abnormal features of pacemakers and ICDs on chest radiographs and CT scans.
Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are being increasingly employed in patients suffering from cardiac rhythm disturbances. The principal objective of this article is to familiarize radiologists with pacemakers and ICDs on chest radiographs and CT scans. Therefore, the preferred lead positions according to pacemaker types and anatomic variants are introduced in this study. Additionally, the imaging features of incorrect lead positions and defects, as well as complications subsequent to pacemaker implantation are demonstrated herein.
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Lanzman et al. (2011) conducted a review in Cardiac rhythm disturbances requiring pacemakers or ICDs. Chest radiograph and CT imaging of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices was evaluated. This review familiarizes radiologists with the preferred lead positions, anatomic variants, incorrect positions, defects, and complications of pacemakers and ICDs on chest radiographs and CT scans.
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