The authors use field-emission Auger electron spectroscopy to investigate the spatial nature of trace Na and O impurities in thin films of photovoltaic-grade CuInSe2 thin films. They give the first direct proof that Na and O reside at grain surfaces and not in the grain interiors of CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films, and discuss the improvement in photovoltaic conversion efficiency of CIS with Na.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Niles et al. (1999) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: